The Cynic's Word Book — Background and Themes
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The catalog record for The Cynic's Word Book — Background and Themes provides practical reading context through 36,073 words, 2 hr 37 min estimated reading time, and 6 detected text sections.
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And said it was a god's name! Straight arose Fantastic priests and postulants (with shows, And mysteries, and mummeries, and hymns, And disputations dire that lamed their limbs) To serve his temple and maintain the fires, Expound the law, manipulate the wires. Amazed, the populace the rites attend, Believe whate'er they cannot comprehend. And, inly edified to learn that two Half-hairs joined so and so (as Art can do) Have sweeter values and a grace more fit Than Nature's hairs that never have been split, Bring cates and wines for sacrificiàl feasts, And sell their garments to support the priests.
ARTLESSNESS, n. A certain engaging quality to which women attain by long study and severe practice upon the admiring male, who is pleased to fancy it resembles the candid simplicity of his young.
ASPERSE, v. t Maliciously to ascribe to another vicious actions which one has not had the temptation and opportunity to commit.
ASS, n. A public singer with a good voice but no ear. In Virginia City, Nevada, he is called the Washoe Canary, in Dakota, the Senator, and everywhere the Donkey. The animal is widely and variously celebrated in the literature, art, and religion of every age and country; no other so engages and fires the human imagination as this noble vertebrate. Indeed, it is doubted by some (Ramasilus, lib. II., De Clem., and C. Stantatus, De Temperamente) if it is not a god; and as such we know it was worshipped by the Etruscans, and, if we may believe Macrobius, by the Capasians also. Of the only two animals admitted into the Mahometan Paradise along with the souls of men, the ass that carried Balaam is one, the dog of the Seven Sleepers the other. This is no small distinction. From what has been written about this beast might be compiled a library of great splendor and magnitude, rivaling that of the Shakspearean cult, and that which clusters about the Bible. It may be said, generally, that all literature is more or less Asinine.
"Hail, holy Ass!" the quiring angels sing; "Priest of Unreason, and of Discords King! Great co-Creator, let Thy glory shine: God made all else, the Mule--the Mule is thine!"
AUCTIONEER, n. The man who proclaims with a hammer that he has picked a pocket with his tongue.
AUSTRALIA, n. A country lying in the South Sea, whose industrial and commercial development has been unspeakably retarded by an unfortunate dispute among geographers as to whether it is a continent or an island.
AVERNUS, n. The lake by which the ancients entered the infernal regions. The fact that access to the infernal regions was obtained by a lake is believed by the learned Marcus Ansello Scrutator to have suggested the Christian rite of baptism by immersion. This, however, has been shown by Lactantius to be an error.
Facilis descensus Avertit, The poet remarks; and the sense Of it is that when down hill I turn I Will get more of punches than pence.
AVERSION, n. The feeling that one has for the plate after he has eaten its contents, madam.
BAAL, n. A deity formerly much worshipped under various names. As Baal he was popular with the Phoenicians; as Belus or Bel he had the honor to be served by the priest Berosus, who wrote the famous account of the Deluge; as Babel he had a tower partly erected to his glory on the Plain of Shinar. From Babel comes our English word "babble." Under whatever name worshipped, Baal is the Sun-god. As Beelzebub he is the god of flies, which are begotten of the sun's rays on stagnant water. In Physicia Baal is still worshipped as Bolus, and as Belly he is adored and served with abundant sacrifice by the priests of Guttle and Swig.
BABB, or BABY, n. A misshapen creature of no particular age, sex, or condition, chiefly remarkable for the violence of the sympathies and antipathies it excites in others, itself without sentiment or emotion. There have been famous babes; for example, little Moses, from whose adventure in the bulrushes the Egyptian hierophants of seven centuries before doubtless derived their idle tale of the child Osiris being preserved on a floating lotus leaf.
Ere babes were invented The girls were contented. Now man is tormented Until to buy babes he has squandered His money. And so I have pondered This thing, and thought may be 'T were better that Baby The First had been eagled or condored.
BACCHUS, w. A convenient deity invented by the ancients as an excuse for getting drunk.
Is public worship, then, a sin, That for devotions paid to Bacchus The lictors dare to run us in, And resolutely thump and whack us?
Ambrose Bierce's The Cynic's Word Book (1906) is a dictionary of definitions that systematically invert common meanings. The preface explains that the work began in the San Francisco Wasp in 1881 and continued in various periodicals. Bierce addresses an audience of 'enlightened souls who prefer dry wines to sweet, sense to sentiment, good English to slang, and wit to humor.' A notable feature is the abundant illustrative quotations from the invented Father Gassalasca Jape, S.J., whose initials appear on many verses. The entries range from single-line jabs to multi-paragraph essays, often incorporating mock-heroic verse and satirical examples.
The Lexicographer's Persona
Bierce's narrative voice is consistently sardonic and self-aware. In the preface, he adopts a mock-modest tone, describing the book as 'addressed to enlightened souls.' The definitions themselves often include the lexicographer as a character: under 'ABNORMAL,' he 'adviseth a striving toward a straiter resemblance to the Average Man.' This persona is not neutral but actively moralizing, using the dictionary form to critique social pretensions. The entry for 'GENEROUS' notes that the word 'originally meant noble by birth' and now 'means noble by nature, and is taking a bit of a rest.' Such entries reveal a preoccupation with linguistic decay and the gap between word and reality. Bierce's voice is consistent across entries, creating a unified satirical worldview.
Verse as a Tool of Subversion
Many definitions conclude with a short poem, often attributed to Father Jape or other invented poets. These verses extend the definition's logic into absurdity. For 'ABDICATION,' a quatrain compares Queen Isabella to 'a plain parched pea that jumped the griddle.' The poem for 'GALLOWS' calls it 'a stage for the performance of miracle plays,' with a couplet from an 'Old Play.' The verse for 'GARTER' defines it as 'an elastic band intended to keep a woman from coming out of her stockings and desolating the country.' These poems are not mere decoration; they provide a second, often more extreme, layer of satire. The metrical variety—from couplets to limerick-like stanzas—adds rhythmic shifts that punctuate the prose.
Recurring Targets and Structural Patterns
Bierce repeatedly targets institutions, professions, and human folly. 'ABASEMENT' is 'a decent and customary mental attitude in the presence of wealth or power.' 'ABATIS' defines military fortifications as 'rubbish in front of a fort, to prevent the rubbish outside from molesting the rubbish inside.' The entry for 'GENEALOGY' is 'an account of one's descent from an ancestor who did not particularly care to trace his own.' Many definitions follow a pattern: a short, cynical definition followed by a longer elaboration, often with a mock-scholarly example. The entry for 'GHOST' includes a narrative poem and then a prose discussion of ghostly behavior, citing 'tables of comparative speed' from personal experience. This structural consistency—definition, verse, commentary—creates a rhythm that rewards sequential reading.
Bierce's dictionary rewards readers who approach it as a continuous satirical performance rather than a reference work. The entries are best read in order, as themes and targets recur. Pay attention to the invented poets, especially Father Jape, whose verses often sharpen the prose's point. The book's brevity (about 36,000 words) makes it suitable for dipping into, but the cumulative effect of Bierce's consistent cynicism is best appreciated from cover to cover.
I keep returning to Bierce’s definitions, that dry, knowing wink at how words lie. There’s something achingly familiar in his invented Father Jape—a man who must laugh to keep from weeping at the world’s nonsense. It reminds me of a different kind of document, a government speech, earnest and plain, somehow touching the same weary truth. A quiet echo: Address by Honorable William C. Redfield, Secretary of Commerce at Conference of Regional Chairmen of the Highways Transport Committee Council of National Defense — Reading Notes.
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